Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Hypertensive Emergency

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that nearly half of all American adults have high blood pressure (hypertension). 

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by blood against the walls of arteries as it travels from the heart to various parts of the body. This pressure naturally fluctuates throughout the day, but prolonged elevation can negatively affect heart health and well-being. 

Hypertension occurs when blood pressure consistently exceeds normal levels, potentially posing risks to cardiovascular health.

At Bridgewater Primary Care & Cardiology, LLC, John K. Terzian, M.D., F.A.C.C., and the team want to empower you to recognize the warning signs of hypertension's most serious complication: a hypertensive emergency.

Read on to learn more about hypertensive emergencies, their warning signs, and what to do if you or someone you know experiences one.

What is a hypertensive emergency?

A hypertensive emergency occurs when blood pressure levels spike to dangerously high levels, causing damage to vital organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes. 

Unlike regular hypertension, which can often be managed with medication adjustments, a hypertensive emergency requires prompt medical intervention to prevent life-threatening complications such as stroke, heart attack, or organ failure.

What are the warning signs of a hypertensive emergency?

The signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency can vary. Your experience depends on which organs are affected. Common warning signs include:

Severe headache 

A sudden and intense headache that is unlike any headache you've experienced before could be a sign of dangerously high blood pressure affecting the brain.

Chest pain

Chest pain or tightness, especially if it radiates to the arms, back, neck, or jaw, may indicate that elevated blood pressure is straining the heart.

Shortness of breath

Difficulty breathing or sudden shortness of breath warrants immediate medical attention, especially when accompanied by chest pain or dizziness.

Vision changes 

Blurred vision, visual disturbances, or sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes may be signs of hypertensive retinopathy, a condition caused by high blood pressure damaging the eye's blood vessels.

Nausea and vomiting 

Persistent nausea, vomiting, or confusion may indicate that high blood pressure affects the kidneys or brain.

Any of the above symptoms are concerning, even if they aren’t associated with high blood pressure. They can also indicate serious conditions like stroke, heart attack, or a pulmonary embolism. You should seek immediate care if you experience any of these symptoms. 

What should I do if I suspect a hypertensive emergency?

If you or someone you know experiences any of the warning signs mentioned above, seek medical help immediately. Call 911 and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher. If it’s a loved one, drive them to the ER immediately if possible.

Stay calm and do not attempt to lower blood pressure with medication unless directed to do so by a medical professional. 

How can I prevent a hypertensive emergency?

High blood pressure doesn’t always have obvious signs until it’s reached the level of a hypertensive emergency. The best way to avoid this serious situation is for Dr. Terzian to monitor your blood pressure at annual exams.

If you have hypertension, manage your blood pressure effectively through lifestyle modifications. Sometimes, medications are necessary. Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and track your blood pressure at home. Always take medicines as directed and attend regular visits at Bridgewater Primary Care & Cardiology, LLC.

Hypertensive emergencies are serious medical events that require immediate attention. By recognizing the warning signs and knowing what to do in an emergency, you can help protect yourself and your loved ones from the potentially life-threatening consequences of uncontrolled hypertension. 

If you have concerns about your blood pressure, contact our office in West Bridgewater, MA. Call 508-583-1100 or use the online scheduling tool to request an appointment. 

We’re proud to provide care to residents throughout the region, including East Bridgewater, Bridgewater, Middleborough, Brockton, Easton, Taunton, Plymouth, Mansfield, Pembroke, Braintree, Stoughton, Wareham, Somerset, and Attleboro.